The art of characterization in Julius Caesar Essay Example For Students

The art of characterization in Julius Caesar Essay The art of characterization. JC Drama is concerned with the unfolding of characters and Shakespeare has constantly sought the most effective means to dramatize characters on stage. William Shakespeare?s art of characterization is one of the most distinctive features of the play, Julius Caesar. In this tragic and historic play, Shakespeare presents an imposing number of characters but the prime focus is always directed to those he wishes to highlight. The play Julius Caesar is a dramatization of the Roman historic events that revolves around the tragic death of Julius Caesar, and its consequences. Thus, characters in the play consist of people ranging from politically important members- those in the highest echelon, to their wives and servants, from the tribunes to the soldiers, the commoners in the Roman Society back then. The role of every character in the play fascinates the audience to the very end of the play, giving a great dramatic effect. The playwright has shown a great variety of human traits and outlooks that are possessed by these characters. The roles of both- the Chief and subordinate characters in the play, hold equal importance in driving the play ahead and entertaining the audience. But of course, the author has showed a conspicuous difference between the character development of each (chief or subordinate). The audience or readers may find the main characters more developed, since the plot revolves around them. In the Scene I, Act I, the characters in play are the ones which do not appear again in the whole play. Shakespeare has used these characters to introduce the main characters of the play, particularly the eponymous character, Julius Caesar, who is introduced by a Cobbler. The dialogues between the Plebeians and the two annoyed Tribunes reveal the tension between these two sections of the Roman Society, at the very outset of the play. Thus Shakespeare shows characters having different loyalties and allegiances (most importantly- to Pompey or to Caesar). To absorb the attentiveness of the audience, and to keep it going, the playwright has given the characters in the Scene I, (especially, the commoners,) an ironic spirit of comedy. This offends the tribunes, which is when; the author makes use of influential oratory on the part of the Tribunes, to sway the crowd. The plebeians also get influenced, which reveals their fickle-mindedness. As the play progresses, the temperament of each of the characters comes into focus. The technique used by Shakespeare to characterize, follows a number of principal rules such as distinctiveness, contrast, consistence, effectiveness. Every Character is represented according to his distinctive features. Ambitious Caesar, Idealistic and Patriotic Brutus, Envious and Malcontented Cassius, Submissive women (Portia and Calpurnia), fickle-minded and changeable mob etc, and their influence on the whole action of the play is prominent. The character of Julius Caesar occupies a very significant place in the play, since. The playwright has made his character a very unique one. Caesar?s greatness and military genius in commended by the plebeians and is also secretly feared by all the rest. Through dialogues, monologues and soliloquies, Shakespeare not only reveals more about the people the character is speaking about, but also about the character itself. For e.g. When Cassius vents his rage against Caesar, he observes his ?lean and hungry look? and suspects danger (-his dialogue with Antony after returning from the games). Thus, Caesar has been devised as being a very astute judge of character. Shakespeare has endowed Caesar with a haughty attitude and excessive ambition, and also made him aware of his human psychological and physical vulnerability, for eg, him believing in superstitions and him having an attack of epilepsy. Which is why, often, Caesar is seen to be self-conscious, struggling between his pride and his fear. His apprehension of being thought as a coward, paves the way for his arrogant and ruddy behavior. This however, is his character flaw which brings about his death at the hands of the conspirators. Antony is portrayed as one of Caesar?s favorites in the play. At first, Shakespeare shows Antony as a relaxed and jovial character. But we see a very important change in his role post Caesar?s death. This character is shown to be a mastermind, when he uses influential techniques for swaying the crowd. In the speech, he uses sarcastic remarks such as, ?Brutus is an honorable man?, to justify his detestation for the conspirators. Also, he acquires a place of extreme importance in the political affairs of Rome thereafter, since he becomes a part of the 2nd Triumvirate. .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 , .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .postImageUrl , .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 , .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:hover , .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:visited , .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:active { border:0!important; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:active , .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2 .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65b93a3a1579de0b87bf4e89414aeed2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Unemployment Essay We will write a custom essay on The art of characterization in Julius Caesar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Brutus? character is a quite different one. As mentioned by Antony in his speech, ?Brutus is an honorable man?, he thinks very highly of the ?Honor of a true Roman?. Brutus has been molded by the playwright in such a way that he (Brutus) seems to be very patriotic, philosophic and idealistic, he however lacks pragmatism. He is shown as an idealist who lacks the practical judgment to be a good leader. Thus although he is endowed with youth and wisdom, he is na?ve and thus is totally misled by Cassius. Shakespeare has made Cassius a very clever and shrewd character. Cassius is successful in perceiving the fears of many other characters and manipulating their viewpoints for his personal advantage. Through the dialogue between Cassius and Brutus in A.I, S II., Shakespeare shows Cassius to be a very shrewd opportunist that detects uncertainties and conflicts in Brutus? opinion regarding self-divisiveness, and immediately embarks upon his policy of sowing the seeds of Conspiracy in Brutu s? mind. The playwright shows Cassius to be malcontented and also deceitful, when he asks Cinna to leave forged letters. Cassius, however, is shown as the one who is probably mentally weak and needs a strong support to fulfill his objectives, which becomes his character flaw. The Roman mob in those times, as depicted by Shakespeare, has been shown as a very fickle-minded one. The loyalty and support of the commoners is inconstant and keeps changing. This question of the loyalty of the plebeians reverberates in the whole play E.g.: After killing Caesar, the effective speech of Brutus manipulates the crowd into thinking that the death of Caesar was for the ?Greater Good? of Rome and her empire, but later when Antony speaks, his well-planned and persuasive oratory, makes him the absolute favorite of the crowd. Antony is successful in mischievously tricking the crowd into believing and supporting him; ]] Thus, plebeians? faithfulness changes from Caesar (in the beginning of the play,) to Brutus (when Caesar is killed by the conspirators) to finally Antony (after he speaks to the crowd at Caesar?s funeral). The female characters in the play, most importantly, Portia and Calpurnia, bring forth the submissive, feeble and frail state of women in the Elizabethan times. The tenuous women as shown by Shakespeare have no effect on their husbands? decisions and they fail to convince them. Octavius Caesar is a character that enters the play quite late in Act IV. However, the playwright has shown him to be a very strong character. He is portrayed as a natural leader, presuming command and leadership as a responsible authority without the need of a permission for the same. Thus we find a lot of distinctiveness through contrast, consistence, and effectiveness in characters in the play. The playwright has placed those characters that show a great contrast, together, so as to highlight the characteristic streaks of each other. For e.g., by making Caesar and Antony, Cassius and Brutus, foils of each other, Shakespeare has drawn attention to their natures. Where Brutus acts upon principles, Cassius is often impulsive. Where Brutus is a noble and honorable character, Cassius is a better politician. On the other hand, Where Caesar is old; Antony is young and full of vigour. Where Caesar is an astute judge of character, Antony is not. Some characters in the play remain consistent with their original form. For e.g., Brutus still remains against Caesar in the end of the play, and while dying does not change his opinion that he was right when he had killed Caesar, not for any personal grudge, but for the betterment of Rome. .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 , .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .postImageUrl , .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 , .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:hover , .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:visited , .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:active { border:0!important; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:active , .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3 .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98b646dc40912bdb3eeefbacf0e4b3e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Endangered Species Study: Jaguars EssayFurthermore, the very nature of Julius Caesar springs from the nature of its supreme characters and their effective impersonation by the actors on stage. The playwright urges the audiences to ponder upon the idea of who the protagonist of this play could be. Nearly everyone would suppose the eponymous character to be the protagonist. However, Julius Caesar is killed in Act III and does not reappear again in the whole play in his human form. Also, through his art of characterization, the playwright has been able to reveal the values, attitudes and beliefs present in those times. Thus, Shakespeare has shown his supreme excellence as a d ramatist through his very art of characterization in the play, Julius Caesar.

Pontrelli Recycling Project Plan Outline Essay Example

Pontrelli Recycling Project Plan Outline Essay Example Pontrelli Recycling Project Plan Outline Paper Pontrelli Recycling Project Plan Outline Paper This document summarizes the proposed process for implementing the Pontrelli Recycling, Inc. Mission Statement. Isaac Ross will conduct it The project stages will be executed with the following: I. Conduct Market Research 1. Focus Groups (Will recycling produce a positive NPV? ) 2. Cost/Benefit Analysis 3. Gather Information on Recycling (Internal/External) II. Broaden Recycling Capabilities 1. 1 Year Analysis of Company systems 2. Identify other areas that can have recycling implemented 3. Conduct Key Supervisor Workshop III. Conduct Financial Analysis 1. NPV’s conducted continuously 2. Established procedures for IRR’s 3. Conduct Cost Behavior analysis quarterly IV. Focus on the Mission Statement 1. Throughout the Project 2. Recycling mission must still â€Å"Increase value and provide a fair return†¦Ã¢â‚¬  3. Quarterly Town Hall Meetings with Shareholder of the project 4. Monthly Meeting with Stakeholder Pontrelli Planning Activities Pontrelli has a well-established mission statement for the company as a whole; they will need a more focused one, or a strategy statement for the current project concerning recycling. To piggyback from the current mission statement and adding a line concerning, â€Å"To focus on recycling within the company, conduct business with those who take recycling as a high priority and identifying new avenues to take the company involving recycling, while†¦(Insert the mission statement). † Next, we identify the values of the project obviously; the primary value would a care for being a good corporate citizen. Whether the company is considering recycling for public image or the culture of the company truly is involved is immaterial. As long as any project taken up meets the company’s values and gives benefit to the shareholders, then it can be considered a successful project. We will need to look at the company internally as well as the external associates and perceptions to determine an appropriate analysis. Conducting a SWOT will help us to determine the areas the company needs to focus on. This will allow the company to evaluate the project execution by keeping the direction on the straight and narrow path. The goal ultimately is to provide added value to the company through good PR, but cutting costs through recycling and identifying wasteful practices. This will produce increase efficiency throughout, helping to alter the culture of the company to one aligned with the company’s goals. The outline above clearly states the objectives in a broad manner, allowing us to move on to a planning phase where we will hash out the specifics of each step. During the planning phase, an implementation plan will be decided upon and the initiation of the project can begin. The project, having the activities planned out can begin.

Audie Murphy in World War II

Audie Murphy in World War II The sixth of twelve children, Audie Murphy was born June 20, 1925 (adjusted to 1924) in Kingston, TX. The son poor sharecroppers Emmett and Josie Murphy, Audie grew on farms in the area and attended school in Celeste. His education was cut short in 1936 when his father abandoned the family. Left with only a fifth-grade education, Murphy began working on local farms as a laborer to help support his family. A gifted hunter, he felt that the skill was necessary for feeding his siblings. Murphys situation worsened on May 23, 1941, with the death of his mother. Joining the Army Though he attempted to support the family on his own by working various jobs, Murphy was ultimately forced to place his three youngest siblings in an orphanage. This was done with the blessing of his older, married sister Corrine. Long believing that the military offered a chance to escape poverty, he attempted to enlist following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that December. As he was only sixteen years old, Murphy was rejected by recruiters for being underage. In June 1942, shortly after his seventeenth birthday, Corrine adjusted Murphys birth certificate to make it appear that he was eighteen. Approaching the US Marine Corps and US Army Airborne, Murphy was rejected due to his small stature (55, 110 lbs.). He was similarly rejected by the US Navy. Pressing on, he ultimately achieved success with the US Army and enlisted at Greenville, TX on June 30. Ordered to Camp Wolters, TX, Murphy began basic training. During part of the course, he passed out leading his company commander to consider transferring him to cook school. Resisting this, Murphy completed basic training and transferred to Fort Meade, MD for infantry training. Murphy Goes to War Finishing the course, Murphy received an assignment to 3rd Platoon, Baker Company, 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division in Casablanca, Morocco. Arriving in early 1943, he began training for the invasion of Sicily. Moving forward on July 10, 1943, Murphy participated in the 3rd Divisions assault landings near Licata and served a division runner. Promoted to corporal five days later, he used his marksmanship skills on a scouting patrol to kill two Italian officers attempting to escape on horseback near Canicatti. Over the coming weeks, Murphy took part in the 3rd Divisions advance on Palermo but also contracted malaria. Decorations in Italy With the conclusion of the campaign on Sicily, Murphy and the division shifted into training for the invasion of Italy. Coming ashore at Salerno on September 18, nine days after the initial Allied landings, the 3rd Division immediately went into action and began an advance to and across the Volturno River before reaching Cassino. In the course of the fighting, Murphy led a night patrol that was ambushed. Remaining calm, he directed his men in turning back the German attack and captured several prisoners. This action resulted in a promotion to sergeant on December 13. Pulled from the front near Cassino, the 3rd Division took part in the landings at Anzio on January 22, 1944. Due to a malaria recurrence, Murphy, now a staff sergeant, missed the initial landings but rejoined the division a week later. During the course of the fighting around Anzio, Murphy, now a staff sergeant, earned two Bronze Stars for heroism in action. The first was awarded for his actions on March 2 and the second for destroying a German tank on May 8. With the fall of Rome in June, Murphy and the 3rd Division were withdrawn and began preparing to land in Southern France as part of Operation Dragoon. Embarking, the division landed near St. Tropez on August 15. Murphys Heroism in France On the day he came ashore, Murphys good friend Lattie Tipton was killed by a German soldier who was feigning surrender. Incensed, Murphy stormed forward and single-handedly wiped out the enemy machine gun nest before using the German weapon to clear several adjacent German positions. For his heroism, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. As the 3rd Division drove north into France, Murphy continued his outstanding performance in combat. On October 2 he won a Silver Star for clearing a machine gun position near Cleurie Quarry. This was followed a by a second award for advancing to direct artillery near Le Tholy. In recognition of Murphys stellar performance, he received a battlefield commission to second lieutenant on October 14. Now leading his platoon, Murphy was wounded in the hip later that month and spent ten weeks recovering. Returning to his unit still bandaged, he was made company commander on January 25, 1945, and promptly took some shrapnel from an exploding mortar round. Remaining in command, his company went into action the next day along the south edge of the Riedwihr Woods near Holtzwihr, France. Under heavy enemy pressure and with only nineteen men remaining, Murphy ordered the survivors to fall back. As they withdrew, Murphy remained in place providing covering fire. Expending his ammunition, he climbed atop a burning M10 tank destroyer and used its .50 cal. machine gun to hold the Germans at bay while also calling in artillery fire on the enemy position. Despite being wounded in the leg, Murphy continued this fight for nearly an hour until his men began moving forward again. Organizing a counterattack, Murphy, aided by air support, drove the Germans from Holtzwihr. In recognition of his stand, he received the Medal of Honor on June 2, 1945. When later asked why he had mounted the machine gun at Holtzwihr, Murphy replied: They were killing my friends. Returning Home Removed from the field, Murphy was made a liaison officer and promoted to first lieutenant on February 22. In recognition of his overall performance between January 22 to February 18, Murphy received the Legion of Merit. With the conclusion of World War II in Europe, he was sent home and arrived in San Antonio, TX on June 14. Hailed as the most-decorated American soldier of the conflict, Murphy was a national hero and the subject of parades, banquets, and appeared on the cover of Life magazine. Though formal inquiries were made regarding obtaining Murphy an appointment to West Point, it issue was later dropped. Officially assigned to Fort Sam Houston following his return from Europe, he was formally discharged from the US Army on September 21, 1945. That same month, actor James Cagney invited Murphy to Hollywood to pursue an acting career. Later Life Removing his younger siblings from the orphanage, Murphy took Cagney up on his offer. As he worked to establish himself as an actor, Murphy was plagued by issues that would now be diagnosed as post-traumatic stress disorder stemming from his time in combat. Suffering from headaches, nightmares, and vomiting as well as displaying alarming behavior at times towards friends and family, he developed a reliance on sleeping pills. Recognizing this, Murphy locked himself in a hotel room for a week to break the addition. An advocate for the needs of veterans, he later spoke openly about his struggles and worked to draw attention to both the physical and psychological needs of those soldiers returning from the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Though acting work was scarce at first, he earned critical acclaim for his role in 1951s The Red Badge of Courage and four years later starred in the adaptation of his autobiography To Hell and Back. During this time, Murphy also resumed his military career as a captain in the 36th Infantry Division, Texas National Guard.  Juggling this role with his film studio responsibilities, he worked to instruct new guardsmen as well as aided in recruiting efforts. Promoted to major in 1956, Murphy requested inactive status a year later. Over the next twenty-five years, Murphy made forty-four films with most of them being Westerns. In addition, he made several television appearances and later received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Also a successful country songwriter, Murphy was tragically killed when his plane crashed into Brush Mountain near Catawba, VA on May 28, 1971. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on June 7. Though Medal of Honor recipients are entitled to have their headstones decorated with gold leaf, Murphy had previously requested that his remain plain like that of other common soldiers. In recognition of his career and efforts to aid veterans, the Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital in San Antonio, TX was named in his honor in 1971. Audie Murphys Decorations Medal of HonorDistinguished Service CrossSilver Star with First Oak Leaf ClusterBronze Star Medal with V Device and First Oak Leaf ClusterPurple Heart with Second Oak Leaf ClusterLegion of MeritGood Conduct MedalDistinguished Unit Emblem with First Oak Leaf ClusterAmerican Campaign MedalEuropean-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one silver service star, three bronze service stars and one bronze service arrowheadWorld War II Victory MedalCombat Infantry BadgeMarksman Badge with Rifle BarExpert Badge with Bayonet BarFrench Fourragere in Colors of the Croix de GuerreFrench Legion of Honor, Grade of ChevalierFrench Croix de Guerre with silver starBelgian Croix de Guerre 1940 with Palm Sources Texas Historical Association: Audie MurphyAudie L. Murphy Memorial WebsiteArlington Cemetery: Audie L. Murphy

Family Nurse Practitioner Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Nurse Practitioner - Personal Statement Example MSN and Post-Master's Certificate Programs Offered: Certified Nurse Midwifery (accredited by ACME), Family Nurse Practitioner, and/or Women's Health Care Nurse Practitioner (both accredited by the NLNAC). FSMFN also offers an online DNP program accredited by the AACN. MSN - Family Nurse Practitioner, MSN - Nurse Educator, Post-Graduate Certificate Family Nurse Practitioner, Post-Graduate Certificate in Nurse Education offered by All nursing programs at Graceland University are CCNE accredited. Graceland University is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA) and is accredited by the Higher Indiana Wesleyan University - College of Adult and Professional Studies offered MSN- Nursing Administration, MSN - Nursing Education, RN to BSN Completion Online, MSN - Primary Care (Gerontological Nurse Practitioner or Family Nurse Practitioner - *Campus Based) Liberty University's Online MSN - Clinical Nurse Specialist Acute Care Track is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. Graduates are prepared for national certification as a CNS and work as practitioners and/or educators. The University of Cincinnati offers two Online MSN Pr... The University of Cincinnati offers two Online MSN Programs: a Master of Science in Nursing - Nurse Midwifery and a Master of Science in Nursing - Women's Health Nurse Practitioner. The MSN - Nurse Midwifery online program is accredited by the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) and the The MSN - Women's Health Nurse Practitioner online program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Nursing students may be eligible to complete all or a portion of their clinical site requirements at a clinical site near their home. If not, there are a number of clinical sites in the Chicago area that faculty will assist in setting up for the student. The Rush University - College of Nursing received accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) offered. Advanced Generalist MSN, MSN Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN Neonatal Nurse Practitioner, Community/Public Health Clinical Nurse Specialist, Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD). The Saint Xavier University MSN - Clinical Nurse Leader program is CCNE accredited. Graduates are eligible to sit for the AACN national CNL certification exam Schools Based in Nevada Offering Nurse Practitioner Programs University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, 702-895-3360 Offered: MSN- FNP Track, Pediatric NP Track University of Nevada, Reno - Orvis School of Nursing Reno, Nevada 89557-0052 775-784-6841Offered: MSN- FNP Track, College of Human & Community Sciences Nurse Practitioners in Nevada are referred to as Advanced Practitioners of Nursing or APN's. In order to become certified as a nurse practitioner in Nevada, I must first complete a program designed specifically to prepare me to become an

Methanol to acetic acid Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methanol to acetic acid - Assignment Example These routes include methyl formate isomerization, methanol carbonylation, synthesis gas to acetic acid, vapor phase oxidization to acetic acid and other novel technologies (Sunley, G., & Watson, D., 2000 p.294). The carbonylation of methanol in the production of acetic acid is capable of catalyzing at high rates with minimal water concentrations while using iridium or iodide based reactor. The onset of methanol carbonylation to acetic acid began in 1960 and was commercialized by the BASF. In this introductory approach, the production o acetic acid employed the use of cobalt catalyst that was in operational synergy with the iodide as a co-catalyst. This process was conducted at high pressures of about 680 bars as well as high temperatures of 250 degrees Celsius. The Baden Aniline and Soda Factory (BASF) selectivity procedure to acetic acid production accounts for about 90% on the basis of methanol. In the mid 1960s, Monsanto developed a novel approach in methanol carbonylation using rhodium as the major catalyst again aided with iodide as a co-catalyst. This acetic acid production mechanism was highly selective accounting for approximately 99% based upon methanol (Sunley, G., & Watson, D., 2000 p.294). The use of rhodium in methanol carbonylation was novel because it allowed acetic acid production under mild chemical environments. ... Exclusive licensing and patent rights to Monsanto was acquired by BP Chemicals, the UK based group in 1986. Ten years upon this acquisition, BP Chemicals announced an innovative process in methanol carbonylation. This process was named Cativaâ„ ¢, on the basis of an upgraded iridium/iodide catalyst. The methanol carbonylation process as described by Cativa offers greater improvements compared to the conventional rhodium based catalyst technology. These advancements include high rates of reaction, improved yield of carbon monoxide, and improved stability of the catalyst enabling the process to be taken under low concentrations of water. Additionally, the Cativa process offers a reduction of the liquid by-products. This full implementation of the Cativa process commercialization was in November 1995 (Sunley, G., & Watson, D., 2000 p.295). The effectiveness of using iridium in tandem with iodide as a co-catalyst for methanol carbonylation at minimal pressure was initially demonstrate d by Roth and Paulik while working at Monsanto. This was during the time of their discovery of the rhodium/iodide catalyst methanol carbonylation process. The reactivity and mechanism of iridium based catalysis in acetic acid production can be conducted in either a nonionic acid or methyl acetate. These studies have elucidated that the iridium catalyzed reaction is more complex compared to rhodium catalysis process (Sunley, G., & Watson, D., 2000 p.296). There exists two catalytic cycles in the iridium catalyzed methanol carbonylation process in the manufacture of acetic acid. One reaction involves the neutral catalytic intermediaries while the other involves predominant negatively charged species. In his study, Forster was unable to distinguish the reaction rates from the ones

Bystander Effect Essay Example for Free

Bystander Effect Essay Introduction – This study researched the implications of the bystander effect when both gaze and no gaze methods were used. It tested this with woman to woman interaction only. The belief was that when gaze was held between the subject needing assistance and a random subject the expressed desire to help would raise. Methods Participants – For participants the study used one hundred and ten adult American women waiting alone at a bus stop in Staten Island, New York. Apparatus/Materials – two women dressed in plain clothes, a pocket full of change, and conducted at a bus stop. Procedures – Two women dressed in plain clothes or one woman alone approached a bus stop where a solitary other woman already was(the subject) one of the women had a cast on her dominant hand. The woman with the impairment reached into her pocket on the side of her casted hand with the opposite hand and attempted to draw coins from the pocket. Upon doing this she dropped the coins over the sidewalk. After the coins had fallen she either made eye contact with the subject or just proceeded to pick up the coins. If the subject assisted in picking up the coins or helped identify where the coins were she was considered helpful. IV – the woman dropping the coins DV – whether or not the subject assisted in picking up or finding the coins. Results – In the gaze versus no gaze condition with a companion 70% of the subjects assisted rather than 30% that assisted when no gaze was used. When no- gaze was used and tested alone versus with companion a significant difference was seen. 33% helped when the person in need of help was alone as opposed to 11% when with a companion. Discussion – this research shows that a subject can feel increased responsibility when someone else is in the vicinity and gaze is held rather than when the subject is alone and gaze is held versus gaze not being held. A possible answer for his is that when two or more people are around and someone in distress makes eye contact they are showing a distinct desire for that person rather than the other people around who they could ask for assistance. This makes a subject feel more responsible to help rather than if they would have not made eye contact because the distressee is asking indirectly for help. The difference in between look and non- look while alone was less significant because the bystander already seemingly had a sole responsibility to help and not expect someone else to and so looking at them wasn’t as much asking them specifically rather than a plea for help. Limitations – the person in need of help could be asking for different amount of help with just there facial expressions. Certain females may prefer other females more than others and be more inclined to help. Future Research – this study can be held again but rather than having solely female to female interaction, male to female and female to male interaction can be had.

Lust in Sonnet CXXIX (129) Essays -- Sonnet essays

Lust in Sonnet CXXIX (129) A Savage Action Full of Blame - The essences of pure lust and its’ dark side. That is, in a word, what Shakespeare in his Sonnet CXXIX1 describes. His language is full of anger, frustration and self-blaming. A real, emotional, affected language - no flourishes. Shakespeare doesn't write about eternal love, the beauties of a woman or spiritual relations - all themes which we might expect from a classical sonnets. No - he talks about lust and the feeling of being dominated and helpless. And even a certain kind of vicious circle is strongly reflected in his choice of word and the atmosphere of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If we first take a brief look at the formal aspects of Shakespeare's Sonnet, we detect rather easily that it is presented in a very traditional way. Besides the classical end-rhyme scheme, we find a lot of examples ( e.g. line 11) of alliteration, which give the poem a very harmonic and smooth tone. But in analysing the formal aspects, there is a far more interesting and important point. The syntax of the poem already tell us a lot, especially about the word lust (l.2). In twelve of fourteen lines lust is the subject. To put it in another way, we can say that almost the whole poem is subjected - in the sense of being dominated, ruled by something - to lust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This fact concerning the syntax, leads us to the first step of interpretation, namely the characteristics of lust. It seems, in accordance with the poem, that lust is something strong, domineering and   taking possession. But not only the syntax of the first sentence leads us to such a definition of lust; the words - or in general: the   language - in the poem speaks for itself: "...and till action, lust Is pe... ...d, one strongly feels the obsession, the madness and the extreme, because his language clearly reflects these ideas, too. And also Shakespeare's impressing use of obvious and hidden dualistic expressions, makes the reader part of his vicious circle. I think Shakespeare manages to present us a very apt - and also very beautiful - description of lust: The essence of the dark side of lust built up by helplessness, anger , frustration and the knowing that this vicious circle of attraction and domination will never end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited 1 Shakespeare, William: Sonnet CXXIX, Norton Anthology of Poetry, fourth edition, London, p. 240 1 Marquis de Sade (1710 - 1814) : French writer who, with the ideas of his literary works, coined the expression 'sadism' 2 taken from the lecture "Poetic Movements" from Martin Heusser at University of Zurich, 3.5.2000

Plato’s Theory of Ideas Essay

Plato’s theory of Ideas addresses the problem of change. As we experience the world we experience it as change. As Heraclitus puts it, all things are in flux (Barnes 58). Things change through time, and they also change through space, via motion. One never steps in the same river twice. But against this ancient wisdom of Heraclitus there is also the wisdom of Parmenides, who proclaims that nothing ever changes, because whatever exists necessarily has permanent existence (Ibid 245). Parmenides is seen to have posed the problem of being and non-being which had bedeviled the Greeks for long, before Plato affected reconciliation through his Theory of Ideas. The points of view of both Heraclitus and Parmenides are valid, he says, because they are speaking of different modes of existence. Heraclitus describes the phenomenal world, whereas Parmenides the transcendental one. Parmenides speaks of the higher truth, of true and unchanging reality. This is the reality of Ideas, and which we do not experience directly. Heraclitus’ wisdom is the lesser one, but hardly insignificant. It is the reality of the phenomenal world, and the one which we experience directly. It is the world as framed by time and space, and therefore characterized by perpetual change. Plato’s theory concerns the relationship between the two realities. Change is the fundamental problem that we face. There are two aspects to this problem, one moral, and the other metaphysical. First to consider the metaphysical. Realities are all we ever seek. The non-real repels us, for it is of the same substance as error, illusion, or imperfection. But how real can we accept that which is never the same in two successive instances, or in two different locations. The best we can say of such reality is that it is transient. It is as if we have a glimpse of reality, but it doesn’t persist, and is instantaneously replaced by another reality. At this point we may come to the rash conclusion that there is nothing that is permanently real, as do the nihilists. Another equally rash conclusion is that, while there is an objective reality, it is beyond our reach, which is the conclusion of the skeptics. But nihilism does not account for intelligibility and comprehension. We clearly understand the comprehend the world beyond, which means that there is something there to understand, which in turn means there is something real. The same argument may be used to dispel skepticism too. The moral dimension to the problem of change involves a similar argument, this time introducing the concepts of virtue, justice and beauty. Such qualities are indispensable to human existence. If there was nothing called virtue and justice, we would not be able to live with our neighbors at all. If there was nothing called beauty, we would be deprived of the very motive force that carries us through life. But no one has ever come to agree as to what these entities are, and each arrives at a subjective estimation. Such relativism, in the first instance, seems to refute the existence of justice or beauty as properly existent entities in themselves. At the same time the tangible existence of human society tells us that justice and beauty necessary exist, even though no one can put a finger on it. The conviction that there is a thing called justice is part of the moral life. Change is thus a measure of imperfection. Material objects are mutable; therefore they can only be imperfect copies of real entities – the Ideas. This is true for either tangible objects, or abstract qualities, such as virtue and justice. We recognize a ball because it is round, but do we actually perceive roundness directly? Roundness is a geometrical concept that we are able to understand, but we can never come across something that is perfectly round in the material world. No one has ever seen perfect roundness, and yet we are able recognize something as round immediately. This can only mean that roundness is an innate concept of the mind. We are allowed to compare real objects with this archetype, so that whenever something is â€Å"nearly† round, then we call it round. The roundness of the ball is an imperfect copy of the archetypical roundness – and the latter is what we call the Idea of roundness. In the same way the ball is composed of the copies of other Ideas, such as redness, hardness, bounciness, if we have a red, hard and bouncy ball. All these qualities come together to make the material object, which is the ball, and this is a mutable entity. The Ideas, however, never change. It is because the Ideas have permanency that we are able to comprehend the ball for what it is. For if the forms, such as roundness and hardness, had no fixity, then there is no hope for intelligibility at all. Again, the material ball can be said to exist only because the Ideas have true existence, i.e. they retain their qualities at all times and in all places. Therefore, material objects derive their existence from the transcendental existence of Ideas. It is a transient, and therefore limited existence, when we compare it to the true existence of Ideas. We therefore have two levels of existence, one of Ideas, and the other of material things. The Ideas we may denote as Entities, they only having true existence. Material things also have existence, but only in a transient way, so we must say that they do not truly exist. They derive both their intelligibility and their existence by dint of their being copies of the Entities. The Entities are perfect, because they are immutable. Material objects, on the other hand, are mutable, which reflects the fact that they are imperfect copies of archetypical forms. In one of the most famous passages of Plato, which has come to be known as â€Å"The Myth of the Cave†, we find a vivid illustration of the structure of reality as envisaged by Plato (Marias 48). Socrates (Plato) asks his audience to imagine a curious type of cave dweller. They have spent all their lives inside the cave, and not only that, but they are chained and restricted in such a way that they must sit facing the wall of the cave, and cannot even turn their necks to see what goes on behind their backs. In this posterior region there is a path, and even further back a fire blazes. There are bearers walking along the path and carrying objects. The shadows of these objects fall onto the cave wall. These shadows constitute all that the cave dwellers ever see. The objects that the bearers carry are real, and are likened to the Entities. The shadows are likened to the material objects. The first thing to notice is that they are indistinct and imperfect copies of the real things. The second thing is that they are mutable, meaning that the shadows flicker and give a perpetually changing outline. Compared to this the Entities are solid and immutable. Socrates further goes on to consider what it implies if the cave dwellers are released from their shackles, and then led out of the cave into the broad daylight. They see things now with the maximum of clarity, and we may liken such seeing as experiencing the Entities themselves. Compared to the puny and indistinct shadows inside the cave, the real things have far more clarity. By letting the cave dweller out, Plato is suggesting that there is escape from the cage of phenomenal existence, and that man spans the gap between the two realms, experiencing material things on the one hand, but with the latent possibility of knowing the ultimately real too. The question then arises as to how we should deal with change. We can either accept change as the final judgment, which means that we will not allow Plato’s transcendental realm of Ideas. Such a stance is known as relativism, because all things are now only relative to each other. With relativism all points of view must be accepted as valid, and there will no underlining objectivity to it all. Either this, or we accept Plato’s theory of forms. But relativism by itself is absurd. Even the statement â€Å"relativism is true† has meaning only if it is objective. Since relativism denies objectivity, the statement is self-contradictory, therefore false. This means that we must fall back on Plato’s theory of Ideas. But a multiplicity of Ideas also entails relativism, for these too must be mutually related to each other. To expel all relativism we must ultimately arrive at the â€Å"Idea of the Ideas†, the single Idea form which all others must stem (Ibid 53). It is what Plato calls the transcendental Good. Since we cannot apprehend Entities, how are we to arrive at truth? Plato says that it is through reconciliation. We are perpetually striving towards objectivity, which is the common ground to all points of view. Therefore, there is a universally operative force by which all things mutually attract each other. Plato calls this eros – or love. This is the motive force that propels all things, and leads to truth. The process of reconciliation is where opposite points of view come together, and there is gradual expansion of the common ground. The process, therefore, sets before us a hierarchy of truth. At the lower end is the particular and the subjective; at the higher end is the general and the objective. In terms of change we say that, at one end of the hierarchy is the transient and ever-changing, and the other is the permanent and immutable truth. We proceed from the lower end of the hierarchy to the higher. The same hierarchy is reflected in all things that we observe in the material world. There is the hierarchy of the inert and the living. Among the living there is the hierarchy of the insentient plants and the sentient animals. Among both these groups we find an infinitely nuanced hierarchy, with man at the summit of it all. Even among man there is a hierarchy, reflected the stages of spiritual development, whereby material attachment is gradually shed. Plato speaks of a nine fold hierarchy that spans from the tyrant to the philosopher (Ibid 47). To illustrate how the condition of man came to be, Plato describes (in the Phaedrus) a mystical vision as it comes to Socrates while meditating on the banks if the Illysus. He sees the soul of man being carried by two winged horses, one of which is unruly (denoting the senses and the passions), and the other is calm (denoting the mind). Reason is the driver in the middle, and he carries the soul over heaven, so that the soul has glimpsed the eternal and unchanging truth. But in the end reason cannot manage the unmatched steeds, so that the horses lose their wings, and the soul fall to earth, taking on a material body. If it was not for the glimpse of heaven, the fallen soul would only be ranked among the beasts. But the special condition of man is that he straddles the divide between the material and the eternal. He must persist in a material body, but where the wings have been clipped there is aching longing to fly again. The aching is further exacerbated by the recollection of heaven. The soul which has once experienced eternity can never forget it. The faculty of reason itself is but an act of remembering of having once flown over heaven. Through reason man may guide his soul back to heaven, through the acquisition of wisdom. The rational perception of material things is therefore an act of remembering. Material objects are therefore only the signposts that lead the way back to heaven. Socrates puts this most beautifully in the following way: â€Å"The virtue of wings consists in lifting heavy things upwards, bearing them through the air to the place where the gods reside† (qtd. in Marias 48). In conclusion, Plato solves the problem of change by positing the existence of Ideas, which are the transcendental entities having eternal and unchanging existence. The theory describes a hierarchy of existence, with the unchanging Ideas residing at the summit, and the material objects below, which obtain both their existence and their intelligibility through being derived from the Ideas. Put in another way, the mutable objects are only imperfect copies of the perfect and immutable archetypes. The human condition is such that it remains in contact with both realms. While the human soul persists in the illusory and mutable realm of material objects, it nevertheless strives towards the objective and unchanging truth through the faculty of reason. The rational contemplation of material objects is therefore only a process or recollection of the higher truth which the soul was once privy to. From this point of view material objects are only signs that lead the way back to the ultimate truth, and wisdom is but a process of shedding material attachment. Works Cited Barnes, Jonathan. The Presocratic Philosophers. London: Routledge, 1982. Marà ­as, Julià ¡n. History of Philosophy. Chelmsford, MA: Courier Dover Publications, 1967.

Excellence in Customer Service & Organisations

BSBCUS501C Work Related Project Question 1 Excellence in customer service is the objective of all organisations wishing to be successful. However, there is often a gap between customer expectations and management perceptions of customer expectations. Organisations often fail to get close to their customers and correctly read their expectations. Other reasons for customer service problems include: not listening to or collecting information from customers * poor, or no, focus on the actual design of processes to turn identified customer needs into products and services * gaps between what the organisation intends to produce for its customers and what its systems do actually produce * gaps between what the system is intended to deliver for customers and what it actually does deliver * cost constraints, or failure to set and meet realistic performance standards, which affect what the organisation can actually deliver * poor staff attitudes, training levels and working materials * gaps be tween what salespeople promise and the actual service or product quality Source: Zeithaml, Parasuraman & Berry (1990) In approximately 2000 words comment on these statements. By implementing customer feedback strategies, the organisation will be able to discover the company's strengths and potential weaknesses, as set by the actual customer. Reacting on the feedback in a timely and appropriate manner will increase revenues and customer satisfaction.Although a customer feedback programs will be an added cost in the beginning, long term it will save money for the organisation, as it costs far more money to get new customer’s than keep a satisfied, existing customers. Understanding what customers think of the organisation will improve service delivery and quality of products leading to business sustainability. By conducting market research and analysis of customer’s needs and expectations, an understanding of what the customers think about the organisation can enhance the continuous improvement process within the organisation. Customer perceptions are a subjective assessment of actual service experiences. Customer erceptions and customer expectations play an important role in service marketing and are the standards of performance against which service experiences are compared, and often formulated in terms of what a customer believes should or will happen. Supplying reliability to the customer will have the highest influence on the customer’s perception of quality and ability to perform the promised service effectively with efficiency. Responsiveness from employee’s and the willingness of the organisation to help customers and to provide them with a prompt service to deal with their queries, concerns or complaints will determine how the customer perceives the organisation.Giving the customer assurance and inspiring trust and confidence in the product or service supplied will encourage and support the organisations objectives or goals. Showing the customer empathy, caring and individualized attention during the process will enhance the customer’s individual experience with the organisation. By not knowing what customers expect is one of the root causes of not delivering to the customer their expectations. This is the difference between customer expectations of the service and the organisations understanding of those expectations. Unwillingness to ask customers about their expectations will not address current issues, service providers may think that they know what is best for their customers but without research, information and data, they may well be misaligned.Feedback strategies may include electronic feedback mechanisms using intranet, internet and email, feedback forms, questionnaires, formal or informal surveys and interviews or databases and other controls to record and compare data over time. Market segmentation to understand the needs of the market are important. Market segmentation is the grouping of customers sharing similar requirements, expectations and demographic or psychographic profiles. Segmentation is usually done to understand the needs of customers more elaborately or distinctly. When asking customers for their input or feedback, they need to feel as if their opinions matter, they are more likely to continue supporting the organisation if they feel their feedback has been taken seriously and into consideration.Listening to the customer and acting timely on their feedback is important for the organisation, failing to understand a customer’s needs can result in widespread negative comments about the organisation and the loss of customers and potential customers. By not listening to customers and understanding what they need from a product or service will not allow the organisation to maintain its effectiveness in the market place, producing poor quality products or service and effecting overall profitability for the organisation. Each organisation needs to de velop and establish procedures, standards and guidelines for customer service requirements and communicate these to all staff. By establishing courses of action to accomplish specific goals, utilising information and data obtained through feedback will assist in identifying and acting upon the customer’s needs.These may be established through strategic or action plans that identifies the customer’s need, arranges for, and obtains resources needed to accomplish the desired goals and objectives. By collecting information and data, planning areas for improvement that will improve the final output, will increase the quality of the service or product supplied. Identifying and acting timely on these inputs will ensure a competitive edge is maintained for the organisation. Identifying existing and potential problems or issues and obtaining relevant information about the problem will ensure the specific or root cause of the problem is identified. Once this has been achieved re commendations and corrective actions can be developed and proposed for implementation.By performing a gap analysis to measure the organisations current performance against their desired outcomes can identify areas for improvement. Analysing data and quantifying the information will establish where the organisation currently is and where they need to be. Gaps may exist in various stages of the input process that affects the outcome. Poor quality raw materials or excessively priced materials will directly affect the quality and cost of the final product or service. Gaps may exist in the process and need to be identified promptly. Ensuring all customers internal and external are part of the review process ensures opportunities for improvement are identified and acted upon timely.Gaps or areas for improvement need to be identified so quality products or service can be maintained. Employee loyalty needs to be earned, rather than assumed and this is achieved through commitment and communi cation by the management team. Organisations need to express and act on a commitment to develop employee’s career objectives by introducing initiatives that make employees believe that their current job is the best path to achieving their career goals, delivering customer satisfaction and feeling valued within the workplace. By including opportunities for personal growth and investing in the professional development of people within the organisation will improve outputs.Identifying correct resources and developing well-defined career paths and conducting analyses of current practices will highlight these areas where training, mentoring, and coaching, or areas of improvement are required within the organisation. Establishing effective working relationships among team members and participating in solving problems and making decisions allows employees to be empowered and part of the process, increasing participation levels and drive to complete desired changes. Communication to employees and customers, expressing ideas and information clearly and concisely, sharing information will all assist with accomplishing the goals or vision set out. A common characteristic of successful services is teamwork. A feeling of teamwork is created when employees see other employees and management as key members of the team.The lowest-level employee must feel that management; from their immediate supervisor to the CEO of the company, cares about them and that they are a critical part of the organisation’s success. This is achieved when every employee is involved in the organisation’s decision process and committed to providing a high level of service to customers, the company and to other employees. Cost constraints can affect the quality or price of the final service or product. Good purchasing practices are integral to organisational success. Developing budgets and resource plans, managing materials, equipment or labour will create quality products for custo mers. During the planning process of resource procurement, identifying the need is the first step in the process.Organisations may be required to upgrade the current capacity of buildings or machinery used in the process to meet new orders or upgraded products. Investment funding may be necessary if new plant and facilities are needed. Skills of the workforce may need to be improved or obtained to operate new systems and produce the new product or service effectively. A raw material needs to be assessed for cost and quality as an input. If materials are too highly priced the end product would be too expensive for the consumer, equally, if the materials were of poor quality, the end product may not reach the customers expectation levels, in each case the consumer would be hesitant in purchasing the goods or product.Ensuring a timely supply of raw materials enables the organisation to supply a constant flow of service or product outputs. Healthy cash flow is essential if business is t o respond to changing demands and requirements in any production activity. Quality management of resources bring together all inputs, ensuring that these are timely and consistent that will achieve quality products and an effective, efficient workforce. Employee’s need to understand the needs of the customer and what they actually require. By understanding who the customers are, both internally and externally, and actively listening to the customers to identify their needs, the employees can then check that customer needs have been met.Proactively engaging with customers to understand their needs and gaining feedback will highlight areas for improvement. Employee attitudes can affect an organisation's growth and profitability. Early detection and resolution of employee attitude problems can minimize the effect of poor performance and strained relationships within the workplace. Recent organisational changes may have contributed to changes in employee attitudes that may not ha ve clearly described the role requirements. Employee’s attitudes may have changed based on the availability of resources necessary to perform their job functions or because of poor relationships with supervisors and managers. In some cases, the employee's job functions may be too challenging for their skill set.Training informally or formally utilising mentoring, coaching or external facilitation may be required. To perform their job role according to the organisational standards, employees must have the correct equipment and resources. The equipment needs to be in good condition and the employees must have the knowledge and training to properly use the equipment to enhance the quality of their work. Retaining customers through effective customer service enables easier growth, indirectly and directly by sustaining healthier volumes and margins, and by business expansion from word-of-mouth referrals. An improved level of customer retention through effective customer service al so improves staff morale, motivation and an increased productivity.Improved employee morale and motivation resulting from reducing customer attrition also positively benefits staff retention and turnover. Improving customer service, especially empowering and listening to customer service staff, offers many organisations a bigger return on investment. Employees who follow established procedures and guidelines for customer service and who are committed to customer needs, presenting themselves in a polite manner even under situations of high pressure can quickly attend to the customer’s requirements. Understanding the level of service required ensuring quality procedures are followed in providing services and taking corrective actions where possible to meet the customer’s needs will re-enforce the organisations commitment to service quality.Providing frequent and clear concise communication from management on what is expected and how the service is to be performed will su pport established policies and procedures. Providing employees with constructive feedback to help them understand how the service is to be performed and what management expects from the service, will provide employees with product and service knowledge so they can perform their jobs in a professional manner. Training employees in the correct methods of performing the service and how to communicate effectively with customers, supervisors and with other employees will enhance professionalism within the organisation.The quality of service delivers results in customer satisfaction and their retention, as it reinforces the perception that the value of the service received is greater than the price paid for it. Promises are made to consumers by organisations advertising using sales promotions and sales staff to promote products and services. These promises may be explicitly stated or they may be implied that the organisation can offer these services. If the organisation does not provide t he service that is promised, there is a gap between what customers expect and the service received. To increase customer exposure, organisations are tempted to make promises that may be difficult or even impossible to deliver.Communication through these channels tends to raise customer expectations and set certain standards to assess the service in the minds of customers. Any discrepancy between promised and actual service tends to broaden the customer gap. The tendency to over promise increases with pressure to achieve greater profits or to meet competitive claims. In both cases, severe damage to the organisations image can occur since it is unlikely the organisation can fulfil the service as promised. Each organisation should ensure that what they say they can offer, they will give to the customer as promised. This forms the backbone of the service bundle established by the organisation to achieve expected customer service.

If I knew today was my first day

If I knew today was my first day Raul FloresAlex KurianENGL 130110 October 2014My Last DayWaking up to a new day it's something to be thankful about it. Not everyone is fortunate enough to get another chance at life. A life in which days go by really fast, yet it's full of moments, and experiences that shape the way we live it the way we do. However, what if I knew that today was my last day on earth? That sure will be a scary situation. Panicking will probably be a reason for my uncontrollable fear and anxiety at first, but then later I would realize the things I must complete before leaving this world. Three things I would do during my last hours of existence would be; forget about the pass, have fun, and help my family and friendsSt5-instruments engl

20 Empowering Quotes About Positive Thinking

20 Empowering Quotes About Positive Thinking Do you feel that life has been unfair to you? Do you feel that people and situations have let you down? Dont hover on these bad thoughts. Instead, embrace the power of positive thinking.  Here are a few quotes that might pep you up. Nelson MandelaI learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. Denis WaitleyWhen you are in the valley, keep your goal firmly in view and you will get the renewed energy to continue the climb. Abraham LincolnMost folks are about as happy as they make up their mind to be. Thomas EdisonMany of lifes failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Dr. Joyce BrothersSuccess is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success. Mahatma GandhiA man is but the product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes. Norman Vincent PealeChange your thoughts and you change your world. Dale CarnegieIf we think happy thoughts, we will be happy. If we think miserable thoughts, we will be miserable. HenleyI am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul. Henry FordWhether you think that you can, or that you cant, you are usually right. Winston ChurchillA pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. Oprah WinfreyThink like a queen. A queen is not afraid to fail. Failure is another steppingstone to greatness. T. S. EliotKeep true, never be ashamed of doing right; decide on what you think is right and stick to it. Henri MatisseThere are always flowers for those who want to see them. Robert H. SchullerIt takes but one positive thought when given a chance to survive and thrive to overpower an entire army of negative thoughts. Bill MeyerEvery thought is a seed. If you plant crab apples, dont count on harvesting Golden Delicious. Ellen GlasgowNo life is so hard that you cant make it easier by the way you take it. Hubert HumphreyOh, my friend, its not what they take away from you that counts. Its what you do with what you have left. Susan LongacreReach for the stars, even if you have to stand on a cactus. Emory AustinSome days there wont be a song in your heart. Sing anyway.

Case study about The Body Shop & L'occitane Essay

Case study about The Body Shop & L'occitane - Essay Example This is where design comes in as before a manager does any action, he will have to reflect on the intentions and then design an intervention or strategy, including structure and system. This will be useful in getting things done at the right time and at the right price (van Aken, in Huff et al, 2006). In addition, van Aken (Huff et al, 2006) suggested that â€Å"academic management research as a design science develops valid knowledge to support organizational problem-solving† (p 413). It provides direct, indirect or instrumental support as well as general enlightenment (van Aken, in Huff et al, 2006). The design sciences have been juxtaposed against natural or explanatory sciences and design sciences aim to develop knowledge to support the creation of solutions to field problems experienced by professionals such as in the medicine and engineering fields. This paper will try to identity the design process undertaken by The Body Shop & L'Occitane as a tool for corporate develop ment and provide comparison and contrast on their communication, clarification, confirmation, and evaluation process. The research method to be used shall be evaluation of communication materials, research on published data, and other materials that will determine the objectives of this paper. 1. Introduction into the two brands history The Body Shop Acquired by cosmetics giant L’Oreal in 2006, the Body Shop was founded by Anita Roddick who had the aim to conduct business as a force of good which profit will not compromise principles (The Body Shop, 2009). The first The Body Shop store was opened in 1976 in Brighton, United Kingdom. It introduced ethical shopping by promoting health and well-being through innovative products that were not tested on animals, did not destroy the environment, and did not exploit the people who made them (The Body Shop, 2009). This was achieved through use of natural and traditional ingredients and recipes such as the babassu oil from Brazil by c ommunity people who are marginalised. Today, the Body Shop is globally known for its nature-inspired and ethically produced beauty and cosmetic products. It now has more than 2,500 stores in more than 60 countries with a product range exceeding 1,200. The Body Shop (2009) states that The Body Shop â€Å"We believe there is only one way to be beautiful, nature's way.† The company sought out wonderful natural ingredients from all four corners of the globe then brought consumers products that burst with effectiveness to enhance natural beauty. The company also strives to protect the planet and the people who depend on it not because it is fashionable but because it is the only way (The Body Shop, 2009). It went on to state â€Å"The Body Shop: Sustainable Design for The Body Shop† which hopes to achieve a natural balance of sustainability and beauty. The context of which is to â€Å"support and amplify its new brand positioning, Nature’s Way to Beautiful, evolve i ts existing retail formula for the launch of a premium, eco-friendly concept store in Singapore. The challenge is to evolve the brand’s retail formula specifically for their flagship outlet at Singapore’s newest premium mall—Ion Orchard with the aims: to enhance the brand’s beauty, but also reduce the environmental footprint of The Body Shop stores. Proposed solution has been to showcase eco-conscious retail design, employing sustainable materials and