Free Essays on Societal Response To Television

During the 1960s, television networks and advertisers thought of their viewing audience as just one group of people. They structured their programming around the "normal† values of white, middle-class Americans. Because of this, their programming revolved around the concerns of the nuclear family. Topics such as racism or sexuality were not included in programming and ethnic minorities were excluded, for the most part, from television because they did not fit into the networks' idea of their viewing audience. In addition, profanity and coarse language, which described bodily functions and sexual activity, were also excluded. In 1961 the FCC Chairman, Newton Minow, denounced U.S. television as a â€Å"vast wasteland†. He wanted heightened federal regulation of television. Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey disagreed, he declared U.S. television â€Å"the greatest single achievement in communication that anybody or any area of the world has ever known†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And in 1963 television surpassed newspapers as an information source. A November â€Å"Roper Poll† that year indicated that 36% of Americans found television to be a more reliable source of information, compared to the 24% who favored newspapers. In the 1950’s, only 10% of American homes had a television and by 1960’s the percentage had grown to 90%. In fact, more families owned televisions than telephones. Our American society was hooked! In 1966 an article appeared in the â€Å"New York Times† that stated, â€Å"TV is not an art form or a cultural channel; it is an advertising medium ... it seems a b it churlish and un-American of people who watch television to complain that their shows are lousy. They are not supposed to be any good. They are supposed to make money." American society thought differently, they wanted more. Television had become a part of their daily lives. Today there is much controversy over television and the effects it has on our society. There ha... Free Essays on Societal Response To Television Free Essays on Societal Response To Television During the 1960s, television networks and advertisers thought of their viewing audience as just one group of people. They structured their programming around the "normal† values of white, middle-class Americans. Because of this, their programming revolved around the concerns of the nuclear family. Topics such as racism or sexuality were not included in programming and ethnic minorities were excluded, for the most part, from television because they did not fit into the networks' idea of their viewing audience. In addition, profanity and coarse language, which described bodily functions and sexual activity, were also excluded. In 1961 the FCC Chairman, Newton Minow, denounced U.S. television as a â€Å"vast wasteland†. He wanted heightened federal regulation of television. Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey disagreed, he declared U.S. television â€Å"the greatest single achievement in communication that anybody or any area of the world has ever known†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And in 1963 television surpassed newspapers as an information source. A November â€Å"Roper Poll† that year indicated that 36% of Americans found television to be a more reliable source of information, compared to the 24% who favored newspapers. In the 1950’s, only 10% of American homes had a television and by 1960’s the percentage had grown to 90%. In fact, more families owned televisions than telephones. Our American society was hooked! In 1966 an article appeared in the â€Å"New York Times† that stated, â€Å"TV is not an art form or a cultural channel; it is an advertising medium ... it seems a b it churlish and un-American of people who watch television to complain that their shows are lousy. They are not supposed to be any good. They are supposed to make money." American society thought differently, they wanted more. Television had become a part of their daily lives. Today there is much controversy over television and the effects it has on our society. There ha...

Writing Letters in Japanese - Format and Tips

Writing Letters in Japanese - Format and Tips Today, it is possible to communicate with anyone, anywhere in the world, instantly by email. However, it doesnt mean that the need to write letters has disappeared. In fact, many people still enjoy writing letters to family and friends. They also love receiving them and thinking of them when they see the familiar handwriting. In addition, no matter how much technology progresses, Japanese New Years cards (nengajou) will most likely always be sent by mail. Most Japanese people would probably not be upset by grammatical errors or incorrect usage of keigo (honorific expressions) in a letter from a foreigner. They will be happy just to receive the letter. However, to become a better student of Japanese, it will be useful to learn basic letter-writing skills. Letter Format The format of Japanese letters is essentially fixed. A letter can be written both vertically and horizontally. The way you write is mainly personal preference, though older people tend to write vertically, especially for formal occasions. Opening Word: The opening word is written at the top of the first column.Preliminary Greetings: They are usually seasonal greetings or to inquire about the addressees health.Main Text: The main text starts in a new column, one or two spaces down from the top. The phrases like sate or tokorode are often used to start the text.Final Greetings: They are mainly wishes for the health of the addressee.Closing Word: This is written at the bottom of the next column after the final greetings. Since opening words and closing words come in pairs, make sure to use the appropriate words.Date: When you write horizontally, Arabic numbers are used to write the date. When writing vertically, use kanji characters.Writers Name.Addressees Name: Make sure to add sama or sensei (teachers, doctors, lawyers, Diet members, etc.) to the addressees name, depending on which is proper.Postscript: When you need to add a postscript, start it with tsuishin. It is not appropriate to write postscripts for a letter to superiors or a formal letter. Addressing Envelopes Needless to say, it is rude to write the addressees name incorrectly. Make sure to use the correct kanji characters.Unlike addresses in the west, which usually start with the addressees name and end with the zip or postal code, A Japanese address starts with prefecture or city and end with the house number.The postal code boxes are printed on most envelopes or postcards. Japanese postal codes have 7 digits. You will find seven red boxes. Write the postal code in the postal code box.The addressees name is in the center of the envelope. It should be slightly larger than the characters that are used in the address. Make sure to add sama or sensei to the addressees name depending on which is proper. When you write a letter to an organization, onchuu is used.The writers name and address are written at the back of the envelope, not on the front. Writing Postcards The stamp is put on the top left. Although you can write either vertically or horizontally, the front and the back should be in the same format. Sending a Letter from Overseas When you send a letter to Japan from overseas, romaji is acceptable to use when writing the address. However, if possible, it is better to write it in Japanese.